Graphics

Overview

I. Postmodern OpenGL 4 Series ^{后现代OpenGL4系列}

虽然 OpenGL 在现代 Vulkan, DX12, Wgpu 大行其道势如破竹的时候，可能有些过时了。但它仍然是趁手的，对个体开发者有生产力的。
本系列讲介绍 GL4 高级特性。可能需具备 GL3 基础。

1. All Draw Functions
   所有 Draw 函数，从基本的 glDrawArrays/Elements，到 MultiDraw, Instancing, Indirect, MultiDraw Indirect MDI, Transform Feedback..
2. Shader Storage Buffer Objects. SSBOs
   SSBO 可用于shader之间传输(读/写)大量数据, 也可用于CPU和shader之间传输大量数据。
3. Programmable Vertex Pulling with SSBOs
   摆脱 VBO, VAO, etc. 使用特制的数据格式，在着色器中手动解包数据
4. Bindless Texture
   Bindless texture 允许 shader 直接通过 integer handle, (从SSBOs中)访问大量 textures, 而无需 bind texture unit.
5. Compute Shader
   .
6. MultiDraw Indirect. MDI
   MultiDraw 与 Indirect. Command 录制 & 多帧复用，实例。
7. Tessellation Shader
   细分曲面
8. Direct State Access. DSA
   性能对比，简要概述总结，和一些示例

Resoueces

• Khronos OpenGL4.6 Quick Reference Card
• Guide-to-Modern-OpenGL-Functions by fendevel
• GL Wrapper by Luna
• https://github.com/PacktPublishing/3D-Graphics-Rendering-Cookbook
• https://juandiegomontoya.github.io/modern_opengl.html
• https://blog.mecheye.net/2020/06/modern-graphics-apis-1-intro/
• https://alain.xyz/blog/a-review-of-shader-languages
• https://alain.xyz/blog/unreal-engine-architecture
• https://alain.xyz/blog/game-engine-architecture
• https://alain.xyz/blog/realtime-renderer-architectures
• Vertex Pooling Voxels

II. Modern Graphics APIs

1. Vulkan Review
   快速过一遍Vulkan 1000行的Hello Triangle
2. OpenGL4 Review
   100行 OpenGL 4.6, Hello Triangle. GLFW+GLAD+Cpp20
3. Wgpu Review
   快速过一遍Wgpu 200 行的 Hello Triangle。对比和 OpenGL, Vulkan 的性能。
4. DirectX 12 Review
5. DirectX 9 Review
6. Comparison

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1. Vulkan 1.3 Dynamic Rendering
   使用DynamicRendering特性化繁为简，去除针对Tiling GPU的依赖，去除RenderPass Framebuffer
2. DirectX 12 Task Graph
   DX12 TaskGraph 分析。

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1. Virtual Textures
2. Render Graph
3. Virtual Geometry^{(Nanite/Meshlet)}

III. GFX

1. Atmosphere (Rayleigh Scattering)
   大气Rayleigh散射渲染
2. Volumetric Fog & Light
   体积雾
3. Rectilinear Texture Warping Shadow Mapping. RTWSM
   结合EyeFish扭曲矫正，对比CSM联级阴影
4. Volumetric Clouds
   体积云
5. Isosurface + ComputeShader
   CS GPU端即时生成 Isosurface Mesh
6. ComputeShader + Instancing Massive Stars Rendering nbodysim
   大量小行星渲染&积分
7. RayMarching Voxels
8. Skeleton Animation

Lighting Model

https://alain.xyz/blog/advances-in-material-models#lambertian

• Lambertian [Heinrich Lambert 1982]

• Phong [Tuong Phong 1975]

• Blinn-Phong [F. Blinn 1977]

• Schlick [Schlick 1994]

• GGX [Walter et al. 2007] [Karis 2013]

• Disney [Burley 2012]

• Smith Microfacet [Heitz et al. 2016]

• https://github.com/diharaw/volumetric-fog

• https://bartwronski.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/bwronski_volumetric_fog_siggraph2014.pdf

• https://github.com/JuanDiegoMontoya/GLest-Rendererer/blob/5d15c65af3090dd23762a5f9ec49c911fef9812d/glRenderer/Resources/Shaders/volumetric.fs

• https://developer.nvidia.com/gpugems/gpugems3/part-ii-light-and-shadows/chapter-13-volumetric-light-scattering-post-process

• https://alain.xyz/blog/ray-tracing-denoising

• https://alain.xyz/blog/raw-opengl

• https://alain.xyz/blog/raw-directx12

• https://alain.xyz/blog/raw-webgpu

• https://alain.xyz/blog/raw-vulkan

• https://alain.xyz/blog/ray-tracing-filtering

• https://alain.xyz/blog/noise-generation-survey

• Bokeh: https://www.scratchapixel.com/lessons/digital-imaging/simple-image-manipulations/bookeh-effect.html